{"id":6620,"date":"2019-09-28T23:43:01","date_gmt":"2019-09-28T23:43:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/naturejournals.org\/?page_id=6620"},"modified":"2019-09-29T07:21:44","modified_gmt":"2019-09-29T07:21:44","slug":"food-webs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/index.php\/environments\/classification\/food-webs\/","title":{"rendered":"Food Webs"},"content":{"rendered":"<!--themify_builder_content-->\n<div id=\"themify_builder_content-6620\" data-postid=\"6620\" class=\"themify_builder_content themify_builder_content-6620 themify_builder tf_clear\">\n    \t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-css_id=\"9d46abd\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_9d46abd tb_first tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\"><\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_7928ae4 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module fancy heading -->\n<div  class=\"module module-fancy-heading tb_d137649 \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n\t    <h1 class=\"fancy-heading tf_textc\">\n    <span class=\"main-head tf_block\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFood Webs\t\t    <\/span>\n\n\t\n    <span class=\"sub-head tf_block tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNutrient Cycling and Energy Flow\t\t    <\/span>\n    <\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module fancy heading -->\n<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_f0b96dd   image-center tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024-50x50.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"50\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-1514\" title=\"gTe5G8KLc\" alt=\"gTe5G8KLc\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024-50x50.png 50w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc.png 1772w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_2a9b74f tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_2fd01be first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tb_6c39c4c tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subrow_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_156d56a first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_b73d66d   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating.jpg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-3407\" title=\"mouse eating\" alt=\"mouse eating\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-768x547.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_c164419 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h2><strong>Food Webs Outcomes<\/strong><\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <ul>\n<li style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\">\n<h5>Describe and provide examples of producers, consumers, and decomposers.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5>Explain how energy is lost at each trophic (feeding) level.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5>Describe the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling.<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .subrow_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .themify_builder_sub_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_2956168 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4ef3537 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_bfb607b  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h3 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Organisms can be classified based on their structures and\/or based on the role they play within an ecosystem.\u00a0 The last webpage described taxonomic classification; this page describes functional classification.<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_74058e5 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_23aa5ff first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tb_d158d63 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subrow_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_4ca4f77 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_bfb5e84 bordered  image-center tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--1024x547-486x260.jpg\" height=\"260\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-3784\" title=\"Taxonomic Classification\" alt=\"This is the classification system based on structures and evolutionary relatedness.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--1024x547-486x260.jpg 486w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--768x410.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--1024x547.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax-.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<div class=\"image-content\">\n\t    \t\t\t<h3 class=\"image-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTaxonomic Classification\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t    \n\t    \t\t<div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n\t\t    This is the classification system based on structures and evolutionary relatedness.\t    <\/div>\n\t    <!-- \/image-caption -->\n\t    \t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-content -->\n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_4ca4f77 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_bfb5e84 bordered  image-center tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-1024x572-465x260.jpg\" height=\"260\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-3785\" title=\"Functional Classification\" alt=\"This is the role an organism plays in the ecosystem, including how it relates to other species.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-1024x572-465x260.jpg 465w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<div class=\"image-content\">\n\t    \t\t\t<h3 class=\"image-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFunctional Classification\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t    \n\t    \t\t<div class=\"image-caption tb_text_wrap\">\n\t\t    This is the role an organism plays in the ecosystem, including how it relates to other species.\t    <\/div>\n\t    <!-- \/image-caption -->\n\t    \t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-content -->\n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .subrow_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .themify_builder_sub_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_2a9b74f tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_2fd01be first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tb_6c39c4c tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subrow_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_156d56a first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_b73d66d   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"730\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-1024x730.jpg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-3786\" title=\"oak\" alt=\"oak\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-1024x730.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-768x547.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_c164419 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5>An Oregon White Oak <strong><em>(<\/em><i>Quercus garryana) <\/i><\/strong>is taxonomically classified in <em>Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Plantae, Phylum Angiosperm, Class (Clade) Dicot, Order Rosids, Family Fagaceae, Genus Quercus<\/em> and <em>species garryana<\/em>.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>Its functional classification is <strong>producer<\/strong>.<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .subrow_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .themify_builder_sub_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"reservation\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_has_section tb_section-reservation tb_cd7a6db tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\"><\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_a13e4b9 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_b997a01 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_61d8153 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6634325  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Functional Groups<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-parallax-bg=\"desktop\" data-anchor=\"menu\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_has_section tb_section-menu tb_06d74e4 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\"><\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_0cb9e63 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tb_c8f6921 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subrow_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_2aead98 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1466d16   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/oak-leaf-silhouette-small.jpg\" width=\"380\" height=\"220\" title=\"Food Webs\" alt=\"Food Webs\">\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cb2197c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h3>Producers<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_9be3154 solid   \" style=\"border-width: 1px;border-color: rgba(8,77,20, 0.47);margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_e81b63b  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h6>Produce &amp; consume their own sugars.<\/h6>\n<h6>Examples: plants, algae, cyanobacteria<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_2aead98\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1466d16   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/deer-small.jpg\" width=\"380\" height=\"220\" title=\"Food Webs\" alt=\"Food Webs\">\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cb2197c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h3>Consumers<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_9be3154 solid   \" style=\"border-width: 1px;border-color: rgba(8,77,20, 0.48);margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_e81b63b  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h6>Consume other organisms for nutrients and energy.<\/h6>\n<h6>Examples: animals and some protists (protozoa)<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col3-1 tb_2aead98 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_1466d16   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/fluffy-fungus-small-b.jpg\" width=\"380\" height=\"220\" title=\"Food Webs\" alt=\"Food Webs\">\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_cb2197c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h3>Decomposers<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module divider -->\n<div  class=\"module tf_mw module-divider tb_9be3154 solid   \" style=\"border-width: 1px;border-color: rgba(8,77,20, 0.45);margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    <\/div>\n<!-- \/module divider -->\n<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_e81b63b  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h6>Break down the remains of dead organisms into nutrient form.<\/h6>\n<h6>Examples: fungi, some bacteria<\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .subrow_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .themify_builder_sub_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_89f61b8 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_4710bd7 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_05b80c4   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/functional-consumer-modified-SS-1024x636.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"Food Webs\" alt=\"Food Webs\">\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_e0ace42 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_fadeb46  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5>Animals need to consume other consumers for nutrients and energy:<\/h5>\n<h5>Herbivore consumers eat producers<\/h5>\n<h5>Carnivore consumers eat other consumers, or their recently dead remains (scavengers)<\/h5>\n<h5>Omnivores can eat producers and consumers<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-desktop-padding=\"3px,3px\" data-css_id=\"89833c8\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_89833c8 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_9078229 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_67ab688  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h3>Animals do not choose their functional group, they have digestive organs, feeding structures, dietary requirements, and behaviors that obligate them to eat certain foods.<\/h3>\n<h3>Of the different consumer functional groups, which has the most potential flexibility in diet?<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_8157f8e  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h6 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><em>Answer: omnivores like humans, foxes and crows can live off different foods in a variety of habitats<\/em><\/h6>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_b997a01 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_61d8153 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6634325  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Trophic (feeding) Levels<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_89f61b8 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_4710bd7 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_05b80c4   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"629\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels-1024x629.jpg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-6732\" title=\"trophiclevels\" alt=\"trophiclevels\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels-1024x629.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_e0ace42 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5>A food web, visualization of \\&#8221;who eats who,\\&#8221; starts by assigning trophic (feeding) levels.<\/h5>\n<h5>\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5>Producers are the first trophic level.\u00a0 The herbivores that eat them are the second trophic level, and the carnivores that eat the herbivores are the third trophic level.\u00a0 A fox can be an omnivore; in this illustration it is simply eating rabbits as a carnivore.<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_89f61b8 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_4710bd7 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5 style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">This is a \\&#8221;Biomass Pyramid.\\&#8221; it indicates that there is a higher total mass of producers in a given area than herbivores; and more mass of herbivores than carnivores.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">You may already be well aware of this: there may be a lot of grass plants in a meadow, but a smaller mass of organisms that eat the grass.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_e0ace42 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_05b80c4   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid-1024x545.jpg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-6733\" title=\"biomasspyramid\" alt=\"biomasspyramid\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid-1024x545.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_89f61b8 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_4710bd7 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_05b80c4   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"631\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss-1024x631.jpg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-6734\" title=\"energyloss\" alt=\"energyloss\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss-1024x631.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss-768x473.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_e0ace42 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5>The explanation for why there is a greater mass of producers has to do with energy the producers trap not making it to the next trophic level.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h5>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Not all of the grass is eaten, some passes through the bunny, or is burned off.\u00a0 Little of that original grass energy is available to the fox.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_89f61b8 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_3 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_4710bd7 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_05b80c4   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/fruitdeer-1024x679-300x300.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-6736\" title=\"fruitdeer\" alt=\"fruitdeer\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/fruitdeer-1024x679-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/fruitdeer-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_e0ace42\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">See if you can put this into your own words; why would there be a higher biomass of berry plants than biomass of deer; or a greater biomass of thistle plants than the goldfinch birds?<\/h5>\n<p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Why would there be a greater biomass of deer than wolves; or goldfinches than hawks?<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col3-1 tb_030d9f7 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_05b80c4   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/seedbird-1024x678-300x300.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-6737\" title=\"seedbird\" alt=\"seedbird\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/seedbird-1024x678-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/seedbird-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_b997a01 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_61d8153 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6634325  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Energy Flows<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_89f61b8 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4710bd7 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_fadeb46  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">In lecture we will discuss two processes: photosynthesis carried out by most producers, and respiration carried out in some form by all organisms (producers, consumers, and decomposers).\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Producers convert sunlight energy into sugar molecular energy.\u00a0 When producers, consumers, and decomposers break down these sugars, the energy is\u00a0 converted to heat.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><strong>Energy is flowing through the system<\/strong>: entering as sunlight, traveling as sugar, and being lost as heat.<\/h5>\n<pre>\u00a0<\/pre>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_05b80c4   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-1024x318.jpg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-6741\" title=\"photosynthesisrespiration\" alt=\"photosynthesisrespiration\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-1024x318.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-300x93.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-768x239.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_b997a01 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_61d8153 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_6634325  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Nutrients Cycle<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_89f61b8 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4710bd7 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_fadeb46  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">We continually need sunlight energy to replace the energy being lost as heat.<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Nutrients are a different story.<\/h5>\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Molecules are broken down into simpler forms by decomposers and recycled back to producers where they travel through the trophic levels over and over again.<\/h5>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_05b80c4   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energynutrients-1024x319.jpg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-6742\" title=\"energynutrients\" alt=\"energynutrients\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energynutrients-1024x319.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energynutrients-300x93.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energynutrients-768x239.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-css_id=\"0051de4\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullheight fullwidth_row_container tb_0051de4 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_38fe143 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_67ab688  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h5><strong>In this video the concepts on this webpage get put together into a basic food web.<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>An additional group of organisms mentioned are the \\&#8221;detritivore\\&#8221; consumers that eat \\&#8221;detritus\\&#8221; (dead leaves, scat\/fecal material, etc.).\u00a0 These include earthworms, some beetles, sowbugs, and more.\u00a0 We\\&#8217;ll meet them next week in lecture.<\/p>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module video -->\n<div  class=\"module module-video tb_12ed7ae video-top  \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n    \t\t\t\t<div class=\"video-wrap-outer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"video-wrap tf_rel tf_overflow\">\n\t\t\t\t<noscript><iframe data-no-script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/314932573?h=&pip=1&playsinline=1&portrait=0&title=0&badge=0\" allow=\"fullscreen\" class=\"tf_abs tf_w tf_h\"><\/iframe><\/noscript>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<!-- \/video-wrap -->\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- \/video-wrap-outer -->\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row tb_2a9b74f tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_2fd01be first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_subrow themify_builder_sub_row tb_6c39c4c tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subrow_inner col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_156d56a first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module image -->\n<div  class=\"module module-image tb_b73d66d   image-top tf_mw\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div class=\"image-wrap tf_rel tf_mw\">\n\t\t    <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"712\" src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-1.jpg\" class=\"wp-post-image wp-image-3408\" title=\"mouse eating 1\" alt=\"mouse eating 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-1-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-1-768x547.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<!-- \/image-wrap -->\n    \n    \t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module image -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column sub_column col4-2 tb_c164419 last\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h3><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_1f6266c  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <ul>\n<li style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\">\n<h5>describe and provide examples of producers, consumers, and decomposers?<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5>explain how energy is lost at each trophic (feeding) level?<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5>describe the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling?<\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .subrow_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .themify_builder_sub_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-css_id=\"fd03efa\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth tb_fd03efa tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner gutter-none col_align_middle tb_col_count_2 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_6be1e02 first\">\n\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\"><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dcc200d  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h2><strong><a href=\\\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/index.php\/environments\/classification\/biodiversity\/#\\\">Previous Page<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3>Biodiversity<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col4-2 tb_6be1e02 last\">\n\t\t<div class=\"builder_row_cover tf_abs\"><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_dcc200d  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h2><strong><a href=\\\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/index.php\/environments\/classification\/lichens\/#\\\">Next Page<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3>Lichens<\/h3>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text -->\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- module_row -->\n\t\t<div  data-anchor=\"connect\" data-css_id=\"870b034\" data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_row themify_builder_row fullwidth_row_container tb_has_section tb_section-connect tb_870b034 tf_w tf_clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"row_inner col_align_top tb_col_count_1 tf_box tf_rel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div  data-lazy=\"1\" class=\"module_column tb-column col-full tb_4e855c2 first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"tb-column-inner tf_box tf_w\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- module text -->\n<div  class=\"module module-text tb_9e11f83  repeat \" data-lazy=\"1\">\n        <div  class=\"tb_text_wrap\">\n    <h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Access each week\\&#8217;s Resource Page<\/h2>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/module text --><!-- module buttons -->\n<div  class=\"module module-buttons tb_9d64fa4 buttons-horizontal solid  circle\" data-lazy=\"1\">\n\t\t<div class=\"module-buttons-item tf_inline_b\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/index.php\/environments\/environments-index\/#\" class=\"ui builder_button tb_default_color\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"tf_inline_b tf_vmiddle\">Resource Index<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<!-- \/module buttons -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .tb-column-inner -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_column -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .row_inner -->\n\t\t<\/div><!-- .module_row -->\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<!--\/themify_builder_content-->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Food WebsNutrient Cycling and Energy Flow Food Webs Outcomes Describe and provide examples of producers, consumers, and decomposers. Explain how energy is lost at each trophic (feeding) level. Describe the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling. Organisms can be classified based on their structures and\/or based on the role they play within an ecosystem.\u00a0 The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":6380,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6620","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","has-post-title","has-post-date","has-post-category","has-post-tag","has-post-comment","has-post-author",""],"builder_content":"<h1>Food Webs<br\/>Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow<\/h1>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024-50x50.png\" width=\"50\" height=\"50\" title=\"gTe5G8KLc\" alt=\"gTe5G8KLc\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024-50x50.png 50w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/gTe5G8KLc.png 1772w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px\" \/>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating.jpg\" title=\"mouse eating\" alt=\"mouse eating\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-768x547.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<h2><strong>Food Webs Outcomes<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul> <li style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"> <h5>Describe and provide examples of producers, consumers, and decomposers.<\/h5> <\/li> <li> <h5>Explain how energy is lost at each trophic (feeding) level.<\/h5> <\/li> <li> <h5>Describe the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling.<\/h5> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<h3 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Organisms can be classified based on their structures and\/or based on the role they play within an ecosystem.\u00a0 The last webpage described taxonomic classification; this page describes functional classification.<\/h3>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--1024x547-486x260.jpg\" height=\"260\" title=\"Taxonomic Classification\" alt=\"This is the classification system based on structures and evolutionary relatedness.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--1024x547-486x260.jpg 486w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--768x410.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax--1024x547.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/tax-.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\" \/> <h3> Taxonomic Classification <\/h3> This is the classification system based on structures and evolutionary relatedness.\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-1024x572-465x260.jpg\" height=\"260\" title=\"Functional Classification\" alt=\"This is the role an organism plays in the ecosystem, including how it relates to other species.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-1024x572-465x260.jpg 465w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-768x429.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct-1024x572.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/funct.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/> <h3> Functional Classification <\/h3> This is the role an organism plays in the ecosystem, including how it relates to other species.\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-1024x730.jpg\" title=\"oak\" alt=\"oak\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-1024x730.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak-768x547.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/oak.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n<h5>An Oregon White Oak <strong><em>(<\/em><i>Quercus garryana) <\/i><\/strong>is taxonomically classified in <em>Domain Eukaryota, Kingdom Plantae, Phylum Angiosperm, Class (Clade) Dicot, Order Rosids, Family Fagaceae, Genus Quercus<\/em> and <em>species garryana<\/em>.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>Its functional classification is <strong>producer<\/strong>.<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Functional Groups<\/h2>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/oak-leaf-silhouette-small.jpg\" width=\"380\" height=\"220\" title=\"Food Webs\" alt=\"Food Webs\">\n<h3>Producers<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Produce &amp; consume their own sugars.<\/h6> <h6>Examples: plants, algae, cyanobacteria<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/deer-small.jpg\" width=\"380\" height=\"220\" title=\"Food Webs\" alt=\"Food Webs\">\n<h3>Consumers<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Consume other organisms for nutrients and energy.<\/h6> <h6>Examples: animals and some protists (protozoa)<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/fluffy-fungus-small-b.jpg\" width=\"380\" height=\"220\" title=\"Food Webs\" alt=\"Food Webs\">\n<h3>Decomposers<\/h3>\n\n<h6>Break down the remains of dead organisms into nutrient form.<\/h6> <h6>Examples: fungi, some bacteria<\/h6>\n<img src=\"http:\/\/vividscience.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/functional-consumer-modified-SS-1024x636.jpg\" width=\"1024\" height=\"350\" title=\"Food Webs\" alt=\"Food Webs\">\n<h5>Animals need to consume other consumers for nutrients and energy:<\/h5> <h5>Herbivore consumers eat producers<\/h5> <h5>Carnivore consumers eat other consumers, or their recently dead remains (scavengers)<\/h5> <h5>Omnivores can eat producers and consumers<\/h5>\n<h3>Animals do not choose their functional group, they have digestive organs, feeding structures, dietary requirements, and behaviors that obligate them to eat certain foods.<\/h3> <h3>Of the different consumer functional groups, which has the most potential flexibility in diet?<\/h3>\n<h6 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><em>Answer: omnivores like humans, foxes and crows can live off different foods in a variety of habitats<\/em><\/h6>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Trophic (feeding) Levels<\/h2>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels-1024x629.jpg\" title=\"trophiclevels\" alt=\"trophiclevels\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels-1024x629.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/trophiclevels.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n<h5>A food web, visualization of \\\"who eats who,\\\" starts by assigning trophic (feeding) levels.<\/h5> <h5>\u00a0<\/h5> <h5>Producers are the first trophic level.\u00a0 The herbivores that eat them are the second trophic level, and the carnivores that eat the herbivores are the third trophic level.\u00a0 A fox can be an omnivore; in this illustration it is simply eating rabbits as a carnivore.<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">This is a \\\"Biomass Pyramid.\\\" it indicates that there is a higher total mass of producers in a given area than herbivores; and more mass of herbivores than carnivores.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p style=\\\"text-align: right;\\\">You may already be well aware of this: there may be a lot of grass plants in a meadow, but a smaller mass of organisms that eat the grass.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid-1024x545.jpg\" title=\"biomasspyramid\" alt=\"biomasspyramid\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid-1024x545.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/biomasspyramid.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss-1024x631.jpg\" title=\"energyloss\" alt=\"energyloss\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss-1024x631.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss-768x473.jpg 768w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energyloss.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n<h5>The explanation for why there is a greater mass of producers has to do with energy the producers trap not making it to the next trophic level.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h5> <p>\u00a0<\/p> <p>Not all of the grass is eaten, some passes through the bunny, or is burned off.\u00a0 Little of that original grass energy is available to the fox.<\/p> <p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/fruitdeer-1024x679-300x300.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"fruitdeer\" alt=\"fruitdeer\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/fruitdeer-1024x679-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/fruitdeer-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">See if you can put this into your own words; why would there be a higher biomass of berry plants than biomass of deer; or a greater biomass of thistle plants than the goldfinch birds?<\/h5> <p style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Why would there be a greater biomass of deer than wolves; or goldfinches than hawks?<\/p>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/seedbird-1024x678-300x300.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" title=\"seedbird\" alt=\"seedbird\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/seedbird-1024x678-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/seedbird-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Energy Flows<\/h2>\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">In lecture we will discuss two processes: photosynthesis carried out by most producers, and respiration carried out in some form by all organisms (producers, consumers, and decomposers).\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Producers convert sunlight energy into sugar molecular energy.\u00a0 When producers, consumers, and decomposers break down these sugars, the energy is\u00a0 converted to heat.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h5> <h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\"><strong>Energy is flowing through the system<\/strong>: entering as sunlight, traveling as sugar, and being lost as heat.<\/h5> <pre>\u00a0<\/pre>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-1024x318.jpg\" title=\"photosynthesisrespiration\" alt=\"photosynthesisrespiration\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-1024x318.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-300x93.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/photosynthesisrespiration-768x239.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Nutrients Cycle<\/h2>\n<h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">We continually need sunlight energy to replace the energy being lost as heat.<\/h5> <h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Nutrients are a different story.<\/h5> <h5 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Molecules are broken down into simpler forms by decomposers and recycled back to producers where they travel through the trophic levels over and over again.<\/h5>\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energynutrients-1024x319.jpg\" title=\"energynutrients\" alt=\"energynutrients\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energynutrients-1024x319.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energynutrients-300x93.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/energynutrients-768x239.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\n<h5><strong>In this video the concepts on this webpage get put together into a basic food web.<\/strong><\/h5> <p>An additional group of organisms mentioned are the \\\"detritivore\\\" consumers that eat \\\"detritus\\\" (dead leaves, scat\/fecal material, etc.).\u00a0 These include earthworms, some beetles, sowbugs, and more.\u00a0 We\\'ll meet them next week in lecture.<\/p>\n[embed]https:\/\/vimeo.com\/314932573[\/embed]\n<img src=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-1.jpg\" title=\"mouse eating 1\" alt=\"mouse eating 1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-1-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/mouse-eating-1-768x547.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<h3><strong>Check your knowledge.\u00a0 Can you:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul> <li style=\\\"text-align: left;\\\"> <h5>describe and provide examples of producers, consumers, and decomposers?<\/h5> <\/li> <li> <h5>explain how energy is lost at each trophic (feeding) level?<\/h5> <\/li> <li> <h5>describe the role of decomposers in nutrient cycling?<\/h5> <\/li> <\/ul>\n<h2><strong><a href=\\\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/index.php\/environments\/classification\/biodiversity\/#\\\">Previous Page<\/a><\/strong><\/h2> <h3>Biodiversity<\/h3>\n<h2><strong><a href=\\\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/index.php\/environments\/classification\/lichens\/#\\\">Next Page<\/a><\/strong><\/h2> <h3>Lichens<\/h3>\n<h2 style=\\\"text-align: center;\\\">Access each week\\'s Resource Page<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/naturejournals.org\/index.php\/environments\/environments-index\/#\" > Resource Index 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